Hypocalcemia – low content of free calcium in the blood can be caused by endocrine diseases, including hypoparathyroidism (pseudohypoparathyroidism), thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, and parathyrocrine deficiency. Metastases in neoplasms, kidney disease, pancreas, sepsis have a negative effect.
It is important to determine the reasons for both the excess and the lack of the element.
Causes
Hypocalcemia almost always develops against the background of parathyroid hormone deficiency, for the production of which the upper and lower parathyroid glands are responsible. By interacting with the hormone calcitonin (thyroid gland), the exchange of phosphorus and calcium in the body is regulated.
An excess of calcium, as well as a deficiency, develops with deviations in the work of organs and systems.
Symptoms
Hypocalcemia is often combined with a lack of potassium, which leads to excessive excitability of neurons. As a result, muscle cramps occur (shoulders, hands, larynx, facial muscles). Skin sensitivity is also impaired, there are sensations of burning or numbness. Hemorrhagic syndrome develops, which is manifested by increased bleeding. Blood clotting decreases. Dystrophic changes in tissues, teeth defects, brittle nails, dull hair, dry skin occur, heart rhythm is often disturbed, and cataracts develop.
